DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, is the molecule that carries the genetic blueprint for all living organisms. It is composed of two strands that form a double helix structure, with each strand made up of smaller units called nucleotides. These nucleotides consist of a sugar, a phosphate group, and one of four nitrogenous bases  adenine, thymine, cyt

The water cycle is a continuous process that circulates water throughout Earth’s atmosphere, oceans, and land. It involves four main stages  evaporation, condensation, precipitation, and collection. First, water from oceans, rivers, and lakes evaporates due to the Sun's heat, turning into water vapor. This water vapor rises into the atmosphere w

Photosynthesis is a vital process for life on Earth, allowing plants, algae, and some bacteria to convert light energy into chemical energy. During this process, plants absorb sunlight through their leaves and use it to convert carbon dioxide from the air and water from the soil into glucose and oxygen. The glucose produced serves as an energy sour

The Earth’s atmosphere plays a crucial role in sustaining life on our planet. It is composed of approximately 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, and traces of other gases like carbon dioxide, argon, and water vapor. This mixture of gases creates the perfect environment for life to thrive, providing the necessary oxygen for respiration and nitrogen for the